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zero-trust

9 posts

toss

From Perimeter Security to Zero (opens in new tab)

Toss Payments transformed its security infrastructure from a vulnerable, single-layered legacy system into a robust "Defense in Depth" architecture spanning hybrid IDC and AWS environments. By integrating advanced perimeter defense, internal server monitoring, and container runtime security, the team established a comprehensive framework that prioritizes visibility and continuous verification. This four-year journey demonstrates that modern security requires moving beyond simple boundary protection toward a proactive, multi-layered strategy that assumes breaches can occur. ### Perimeter Defense and SSL/TLS Visibility * Addressed the critical visibility gap in legacy systems by implementing dedicated SSL/TLS decryption tools, allowing the team to analyze encrypted traffic for hidden malicious payloads. * Established a hybrid security architecture using a combination of physical DDoS protection, IPS, and WAF in IDC environments, complemented by AWS WAF and AI-based GuardDuty in the cloud. * Developed a collaborative merchant response process that moves beyond simple IP blocking; the system automatically detects malicious traffic from partners and provides them with detailed vulnerability reports and remediation guides (e.g., specific SQL injection points). ### Internal Network Security and "Assume Breach" Monitoring * Implemented **Wazuh**, an open-source security platform, in IDC environments to monitor lateral movement, collect centralized logs, and perform file integrity checks across diverse operating systems. * Leveraged **AWS GuardDuty** for intelligent threat detection in the cloud, focusing on malware scanning for EC2 instances and monitoring for suspicious process activities. * Established automated detection for privilege escalation and unauthorized access to sensitive system files, such as tracking instances where root privileges are obtained to modify the `/etc/passwd` file. ### Container Runtime Security as the Final Defense * Adopted **Falco**, a CNCF-hosted runtime security tool, to protect Kubernetes environments by monitoring system calls (syscalls) in real-time. * Configured specific security rules to detect "container escape" attempts, unauthorized access to sensitive files like `/etc/shadow`, and the execution of new or suspicious binaries within running containers. * Integrated **Falco Sidekick** to manage security events efficiently, ensuring that anomalous behaviors at the container level are instantly routed to the security team for response. ### Zero Trust and Continuous Verification * Shifted toward a Zero Trust model for the internal work network to ensure that all users and devices are continuously verified regardless of their location. * Focused on implementing dynamic access control and the principle of least privilege to minimize the potential impact of credential theft or device compromise. Organizations operating in hybrid cloud environments should move away from relying on a single perimeter and instead adopt a multi-layered defense strategy. True security resilience is achieved by gaining deep visibility into encrypted traffic and maintaining granular monitoring at the server and container levels to intercept threats that inevitably bypass initial defenses.

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